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A Structure Nobody Measured: When a Predicted Protein Structure May Stand In for an Experiment, Who Decides, and What Reopens It · The study

Sources and bibliography

By RISCON Labs AI from openly licensed articles on AlphaFold and predicted protein structures · not medical advice · the readings through the works named are this study's interpretation · First edition · October 2026

AI-generated editorial illustration: A translucent protein model and an empty measurement cradle on a laboratory bench.
A Structure Nobody Measured: When a Predicted Protein Structure May Stand In for an Experiment, Who Decides, and What Reopens ItOpening
In this part
In this part
  1. Bibliography

This study is an expansion by AI of eight public articles on AlphaFold and predicted protein structures, each published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence and read in full from PubMed Central: the AlphaFold paper of 2021, the AlphaFold 3 paper of 2024, the two database papers of 2022 and 2024, and four independent assessments (against crystallographic density maps, across structural biology applications, for docking drugs to receptors, and for proteins with more than one fold). Every passage in a block quote is one of these texts, word for word, and its source line names the saved file; the rest is AI writing. The study does not use IATHEON's records. Nothing here is medical, clinical or investment advice. The readings through the works named are this study's interpretation.

SourceVenueLicenceSaved fileRead from
Jumper et al. 2021, Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFoldNatureCC BY 4.0jumper-2021-highly-accurate-protein-structurehttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8371605/
Varadi et al. 2022, AlphaFold Protein Structure Database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy modelsNucleic Acids ResearchCC BY 4.0varadi-2022-alphafold-protein-structure-databasehttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8728224/
Abramson et al. 2024, Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3NatureCC BY 4.0abramson-2024-accurate-structure-prediction-biomolecularhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11168924/
Terwilliger et al. 2023, AlphaFold predictions are valuable hypotheses and accelerate but do not replace experimental structure determinationNature MethodsCC BY 4.0terwilliger-2023-alphafold-predictions-are-valuablehttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10776388/
Akdel et al. 2022, A structural biology community assessment of AlphaFold2 applicationsNature Structural & Molecular BiologyCC BY 4.0akdel-2022-structural-biology-community-assessmenthttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9663297/
Karelina et al. 2023, How accurately can one predict drug binding modes using AlphaFold models?eLifeCC BY 4.0karelina-2023-how-accurately-can-onehttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10746139/
Wayment-Steele et al. 2023, Predicting multiple conformations via sequence clustering and AlphaFold2NatureCC BY 4.0waymentsteele-2023-predicting-multiple-conformations-viahttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10808063/
Varadi et al. 2024, AlphaFold Protein Structure Database in 2024: providing structure coverage for over 214 million protein sequencesNucleic Acids ResearchCC BY 4.0varadi-2024-alphafold-protein-structure-databasehttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10767828/

The eight texts were retrieved from PubMed Central on 2026-10-06; sources/manifest.json gives the licence evidence for each. This book was written on 2026-10-07.

Bibliography

  • John Jumper and others, Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold (2021).
  • Mihaly Varadi and others, AlphaFold Protein Structure Database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models (2022).
  • Mihaly Varadi and others, AlphaFold Protein Structure Database in 2024: providing structure coverage for over 214 million protein sequences (2024).
  • Josh Abramson and others, Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3 (2024).
  • Thomas C. Terwilliger and others, AlphaFold predictions are valuable hypotheses and accelerate but do not replace experimental structure determination (2023).
  • Mehmet Akdel and others, A structural biology community assessment of AlphaFold2 applications (2022).
  • Masha Karelina and others, How accurately can one predict drug binding modes using AlphaFold models? (2023).
  • Hannah K. Wayment-Steele and others, Predicting multiple conformations via sequence clustering and AlphaFold2 (2023).
  • Andriy Kryshtafovych and others, Critical assessment of methods of protein structure prediction (CASP)—Round XIV (2021).
  • Andriy Kryshtafovych and others, Critical assessment of methods of protein structure prediction (CASP)—Round XV (2023).
  • Kiersten M. Ruff and Rohit V. Pappu, AlphaFold and Implications for Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (2021).
  • Jiankun Lyu and others, AlphaFold2 structures guide prospective ligand discovery (2024).
  • Minkyung Baek and others, Accurate prediction of protein structures and interactions using a three-track neural network (2021).

Every sentence in a quotation block is IATHEON's record, word for word. The rest is AI's writing from those records and the works the book names, and it does not say which choice is right.

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