This study is an expansion by AI of 2 records published by Skeptron, a studio in the RISCON family, and of the public-domain source texts listed below. Every sentence in a block quote is word for word either a record's own or a passage of a source text saved with this study, and its source line names which; the rest is AI writing. Skeptron's records are modern summaries of historical episodes written for a platform, not archival documents; they keep some of what the actors wrote and drop the rest, and the paper says which where it matters. The readings through the works named are this study's interpretation. Nothing in this study is advice on medical, public-health or policy decisions.
| Case | Studio | Record |
|---|---|---|
| Graunt's Bills of Mortality | Skeptron | https://skeptron.risconlabs.com/questions?question=HQ-HC6-GRAUNT1665-01 |
| Army Mortality 1858 | Skeptron | https://skeptron.risconlabs.com/questions?question=HQ-HC6-MORTALITY1858-01 |
The source texts this study read are saved with it, and the passages it quotes from them stand in them word for word:
| Text | File | Address |
|---|---|---|
| John Graunt, Natural and Political Observations ... made upon the Bills of Mortality (1662): the dedication, the preface, the searchers (Chapter I, §§10–12), Chapter II (the casualties), and Chapters IV–V (the plague) | sources/graunt-observations-bills-of-mortality.md | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/textcreationpartnership/A41827/master/A41827.xml |
| [Florence Nightingale], Mortality of the British Army, at Home and Abroad, and during the Russian War, as Compared with the Mortality of the Civil Population in England (1858): the "Description of Diagrams" | sources/nightingale-mortality-1858.md | https://archive.org/download/mortalityofbriti00lond/mortalityofbriti00lond_hocr.html |
The records were read on 2026-10-06. The texts were fetched on 2026-10-06. This study was written on 2026-10-07.
Bibliography
- John Graunt, Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality (1662).
- Florence Nightingale, Mortality of the British Army, at Home and Abroad, and during the Russian War, as Compared with the Mortality of the Civil Population in England (1858): The title page names no author; the work is generally attributed to Florence Nightingale.
- Paul Slack, The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England (1985).
- Hugh Small, Florence Nightingale: Avenging Angel (1998).
- I. Bernard Cohen, Florence Nightingale (1984).
- Andrea A. Rusnock, Vital Accounts: Quantifying Health and Population in Eighteenth-Century England and France (2002).
- Ian Hacking, The Taming of Chance (1990).
- Theodore M. Porter, Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life (1995).
- Alain Desrosières, The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning (1998).
- James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (1998).
- Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1977).
- Marc Lipsitch, Christl A. Donnelly, Christophe Fraser and others, Potential Biases in Estimating Absolute and Relative Case-Fatality Risks during Outbreaks (2015).